Abstract
The purpose of this study has been to investigate the relationship between the leadershipstyle of the owner-manager and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system adoptionin the family Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs).Previous research has shown that ERP systems adoption is affected by different factorssuch as resource scarcity, the lack of IS strategic planning, company size and business complexity.Others research, instead, has also shown that the individual characteristics of theowner-manager could influence the adoption of these systems. However, in literature thereis a lack of study on role of leadership style in determining ERP system adoption. Therefore,this study investigates how autocratic and democratic leadership style of owner-managerinfluence the choice of adopting ERP adoption in the family SMEs.This research has been carried out through a quantitative methodological approachbased on a direct analysis (survey field study). Particularly, a structured questionnaire hasbeen administered to a sample of 200 family SMEs in the Campania Region (Italy), whilethe data have been analyzed using the logistic regression model for binary data. Findingsupport the hypothesisReferences
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Bass B.M. (1990), Task versus relations-oriented leadership, in. Bass B.M (Ed.), Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership, New York: Free Press, pp. 473-510.
Bass B.M. and Avolio B.J. (1990), Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Bauer M. (1994), “Patron de PME, âge et rationalité économique: Sorties d’activité”, Gérontologie et société, vol. 70, pp. 139-148.
Bielli P. (2000), PMI in Italia: caratteristiche e tendenze evolutive, in Camussone P.F. and Ciuccarelli F. (2000), Crescere in rete, Edipi.
Boldizzoni D. (1985), La piccola impresa. Gestione e sviluppo delle aziende minori, Edizioni del Sole 24 Ore, Milano.
Bolton P. and Dewatripont M. (1994), “The firm as a communication network”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 109(4), pp. 809-839.
Brynjolfsson E. and Mendelson H. (1993), “Information Systems and the Organization of Modern Enterprise”, Journal of Organizational Computing, vol. 3(3), pp. 245-255.
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Carnall C.A. ( 1986), “Toward a Theory for the Evaluation of Organizational Change, Human Relations, 39(8), 745-766.
Chatterjee D., Grewal R. and Sambamurthy S. (2002), “Shaping up for E-Commerce: Institutional Enablers of the Organizational Assimilation of Web Technologies”, MIS
Quarterly, vol. 26(2), pp. 65-89.
Chemers M.M. (2000), “Leadership research and theory: A functional integration”, Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, vol. 4, pp. 27-43.
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Compagno C. and Pittino D. (2001), “Succession processes and top team evolution in small family business”, The role of family in Family business - Research Forum Proceedings,
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Dillon C.K. (1999), “Stretching toward enterprise flexibility with ERP”, APICS - The Performance Advantage, pp. 38–43.
Eagly A.H. and Johnson B.T. (1990), “Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis”, Psychological Bulletin, vol. 108, pp. 233-256.
Galbraith J. (1977), Organization Design, Addison Wesley Reading.
Gallo M.A. and Sveen, J. (1991), “Internationalizing the family business: Facilitating and Restraining Factors”, Family Business Review, vol. 4, pp. 181-190.
Gallo M.A. (1995), “The role of family business and its distinctive characteristic behavior in industrial activity”, Family business review, vol. 8(2), pp. 83-97.
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Gurbaxani V. and Whang S. (1991), “The Impacts of Information Technology on Organizations and Markets”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 34(1), pp. 59-73.
Halpin A.W. (1957), Leader behavior: Its description and measurement. The leader behavior and effectiveness of aircraft commanders, in Stogdill R.M. and Coons A.E. (Ed.),
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Keller G. and Teufel T. (1998), SAP R/3 Process-Oriented Implementation, Addison-Wesley, Harlow.
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Johnsen G.J. and McMahon R.G.P. (2005), “Owner-manager Gender, Financial Performance and Business Growth amongst SMEs from Australia’s Business Longitudinal Survey”, International Small Business Journal, vol. 23(2), pp. 115-142.
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vol. 36, pp.41-48.
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Lewin K. (1939/1964), Experiments in social space, in Cartwright D. (Ed.), Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers by Kurt Lewin (pp. 71-83). New York: Harper
Torchbooks.
Lewin K., Lippitt R. and White R.K. (1939), “Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally-created ‘social climates’”, Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 271-299.
Lippit R. and White R.K. (1943), “The social climate of children’s groups”, Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 271-301.
Likert R. (1961), New patterns of management, McGraw-Hill, New York.
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Airoldi G. and Forestieri G. (1998), Strutture proprietarie, complessità gestionale e sistemi di governance nelle piccole e medie imprese, Etas Libri, Milano.
Armstrong C. and Sambamurthy V. (1999), “Information Technology Assimilation in Firms: The Influence of Senior Leadership and It Infrastructures”, Information Systems Research, vol. 10(4), pp. 304-327.
Bass B.M. (1981), Stogdill’s handbook of leadership, New York: Free Press.
Bass B.M. (1990), Task versus relations-oriented leadership, in. Bass B.M (Ed.), Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of leadership, New York: Free Press, pp. 473-510.
Bass B.M. and Avolio B.J. (1990), Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Bauer M. (1994), “Patron de PME, âge et rationalité économique: Sorties d’activité”, Gérontologie et société, vol. 70, pp. 139-148.
Bielli P. (2000), PMI in Italia: caratteristiche e tendenze evolutive, in Camussone P.F. and Ciuccarelli F. (2000), Crescere in rete, Edipi.
Boldizzoni D. (1985), La piccola impresa. Gestione e sviluppo delle aziende minori, Edizioni del Sole 24 Ore, Milano.
Bolton P. and Dewatripont M. (1994), “The firm as a communication network”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 109(4), pp. 809-839.
Brynjolfsson E. and Mendelson H. (1993), “Information Systems and the Organization of Modern Enterprise”, Journal of Organizational Computing, vol. 3(3), pp. 245-255.
Burns J. M. (1978), Leadership, New York: Harper & Row.
Buonanno G., Faverio P., Pigni F., Ravarini A., Sciuto D. and Tagliavini M. (2005), “Factors affecting ERP system adoption. A comparative analysis between SMEs and large
compagnie”, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 18(4), pp. 384-426.
Calisir F. and Calisir F. (2004), “The relation of interface usability characteristics, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use to end-user satisfaction with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems”, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 20, pp. 505-515.
Carnall C.A. ( 1986), “Toward a Theory for the Evaluation of Organizational Change, Human Relations, 39(8), 745-766.
Chatterjee D., Grewal R. and Sambamurthy S. (2002), “Shaping up for E-Commerce: Institutional Enablers of the Organizational Assimilation of Web Technologies”, MIS
Quarterly, vol. 26(2), pp. 65-89.
Chemers M.M. (2000), “Leadership research and theory: A functional integration”, Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, vol. 4, pp. 27-43.
Ciborra C.U. (1981), “Information Systems and Transactions Architecture”, Inter. Journal of Policy Analysis and Information Systems, vol. 5, pp. 305-324.
Ciborra C. (1989), Tecnologie di coordinamento, Franco Angeli Milano.
Compagno C. and Pittino D. (2001), “Succession processes and top team evolution in small family business”, The role of family in Family business - Research Forum Proceedings,
pp.205-223.
Cooke D. and Peterson W. (1998), “SAP implementation: strategies and results”, Research Report 1217-98-RR, The Conference Board, New York, NY.
Cooper R.B. and Zmud R.W. (1990), “Information Technology Implementation Research: A Technological Diffusion Approach,” Management Science, vol. 36(2), pp. 123-139.
Corbetta G. (1995), Le imprese familiari. Caratteri originali varietà e condizioni di sviluppo, Egea, Milano.
Cox D.R. (1970), The Analysis of Binary Data, London: Methuen.
Cragg P.B. and King M. (1993), “Small-firm computing: Motivators and inhibitors”, MIS Quarterly, vol. 17(1), pp. 47-60.
Davenport T.H. (1998), “Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 76, pp. 121-131.
Davenport T.H. and Stoddard D.B. (1994), “Reengineering: Business Change of Mythic Proportions?”, MIS Quarterly, vol. 18(2), 121-127.
Del Bene L. and Stefani A. (1999), Il supporto degli strumenti manageriali al processo evolutivo, in Anselmi L. (1999), Aziende familiari di successo in Toscana, Franco Angeli, Milano.
Dillon C.K. (1999), “Stretching toward enterprise flexibility with ERP”, APICS - The Performance Advantage, pp. 38–43.
Eagly A.H. and Johnson B.T. (1990), “Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis”, Psychological Bulletin, vol. 108, pp. 233-256.
Galbraith J. (1977), Organization Design, Addison Wesley Reading.
Gallo M.A. and Sveen, J. (1991), “Internationalizing the family business: Facilitating and Restraining Factors”, Family Business Review, vol. 4, pp. 181-190.
Gallo M.A. (1995), “The role of family business and its distinctive characteristic behavior in industrial activity”, Family business review, vol. 8(2), pp. 83-97.
Ghandour A., Benwell G.L. and Deans K.R. (2007), “The impact of leadership on eCommerce system success in small and medium enterprises context”, Small Enterprise
Conference (2007) (Building sustainable growth in SMEs), 23-26 September 2007, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Gibson N., Holland C. and Light B. (1999), “A case study of a fast track SAP R/3 implementation at Guilbert”,. Electronic Markets, pp. 190-193.
Gupta A. (2000), “Enterprise resource planning: the emerging organizational value systems’’, Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 100(1).
Gurbaxani V. and Whang S. (1991), “The Impacts of Information Technology on Organizations and Markets”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 34(1), pp. 59-73.
Halpin A.W. (1957), Leader behavior: Its description and measurement. The leader behavior and effectiveness of aircraft commanders, in Stogdill R.M. and Coons A.E. (Ed.),
Ohio Studies in Personnel, Bureau of Business Research, Research Monograph No. 84, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, pp. 52–64.
Hirschman E.C. (1980), “Innovativeness, Novelty Seeking, and Consumer Creativity”, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 7, pp. 283-295.
Ke W. and Wei K.K. (2008), “Organizational culture and leadership in ERP implementation”, Decision Support Systems, vol. 45(2), pp. 208-218.
Keller G. and Teufel T. (1998), SAP R/3 Process-Oriented Implementation, Addison-Wesley, Harlow.
Koh C., Soh C. and Markus M.L. (2000), “A Process Theory Approach to ERP Implementation and Impacts: The Case of Revel Asia”, Journal of Information Technology
Cases and Applications, vol. 2(1), pp. 4-23.
Johnsen G.J. and McMahon R.G.P. (2005), “Owner-manager Gender, Financial Performance and Business Growth amongst SMEs from Australia’s Business Longitudinal Survey”, International Small Business Journal, vol. 23(2), pp. 115-142.
Laudon K. and Laudon J. (2004), Management dei sistemi informativi, Pearson. Leavitt H. and Whisler T. (1958), “Management in the 1980’s”, Harvard Business Review,
vol. 36, pp.41-48.
Levy M. and Powell P. (2000), “Information systems strategy for small- medium-sized enterprises: an organizational perspective”, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, vol. 9(1), pp. 63-84.
Lewin K. (1939/1964), Experiments in social space, in Cartwright D. (Ed.), Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers by Kurt Lewin (pp. 71-83). New York: Harper
Torchbooks.
Lewin K., Lippitt R. and White R.K. (1939), “Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally-created ‘social climates’”, Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 271-299.
Lippit R. and White R.K. (1943), “The social climate of children’s groups”, Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 271-301.
Likert R. (1961), New patterns of management, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Luthar H.K. (1996), “Gender differences in evaluation of performance and leadership ability: Autocratic vs. democratic managers”, Sex Roles, vol. 35, pp. 337-361.
Mabert V.A., Soni A. and Venkataramanan M.A. (2003a), “The impact of organization size on enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations in the US manufacturing sector”, Omega, vol. 31(3), pp. 235-46.
Mabert V.A., Soni A. and Venkataraman M.A. (2003b), “Enterprise resource planning: Managing the implementation process”, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 146(2),
pp. 302–314.
Markus M.L., Axline S., Petrie D. and Tanis S.C. (2000),“Learning from adopters’ experiences with ERP: problems encountered and success achieved”, Journal of Information Technology, vol. 15, pp. 245-265.
Markus M.L. and Tanis C. (2000), The enterprise system experience from adoption to success, in Price M.F. (Ed.), Framing the Domains of IT Management: Projecting the Future through the Past, Pinnaflex Educational Resources, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 173-207.
McPhee R.D. and Poole M.S. (2000), Organizational Structures and Configurations, in Jablin F.M. and Putnam L.L. (Ed), The New Handbook of Organizational Communication,
Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications Inc., pp. 503-544.
Molero F. (1994), Carisma y liderazgo carismático: una aproximación empírica desde las perspectivas de Bass y Friedman, Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Madrid: UNED.
Molero F., Cuadrado I., Navas M. and Morales J.F. (2007), “Relations and Effects of Transformational Leadership: A Comparative Analysis with Traditional Leadership Styles”,
The Spanish Journal of Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 358-368.
Morabito V. (2000), Il valore organizzativo dei sistemi ERP: l’impatto sui costi di transazione, Working paper, Università Bocconi, Milano.
Nah F., Faja S. and Cata T. (2001), “Characteristics of ERP software maintenance: A multiple case study”, Journal of Software Maintenance, vol. 13(6), pp. 1-16.
Nah F.F.H. and Delgado S. (2006), “Critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation and upgrade”, Journal of Computer Information Systems, vol. 46(5), pp.
99-113.
Pezzani F. (1985), Le imprese minori. Le funzioni nel sistema economico e tipicità della loro gestione, Giuffrè, Milano.
Preti P. (1991), L’organizzazione della piccola impresa. Nascita e sviluppo delle imprese minori, Egea, Milano.
Robey D. (1981), “Computer information systems and organization structure”, Social Impacts of Computing, vol. 24, pp. 679-687.
Robey D. and Sahay S. (1996), “Transforming work through information technology: A comparative case study of geographic information systems in county government”,Information Systems Research, vol. 7, pp. 93-110.
Rogers E.M. (1983; 1995), Diffusion of Innovations, NY: The Free Press.
Rosenblatt P.C., de Mik L., Anderson R.M. and Johnson P.A. (1985), The Family in Business, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Sarker S. and Lee A.S. (2003), “Using a case study to test the role of three key social enablers in ERP implementation”,Information & Management, vol. 40(8), pp. 813-829.
Schriesheim C.A. and Stogdill R.M. (1975), “Differences in factor structure across three versions of the Ohio State Leadership Scales”, Personnel Psychology, vol. 28, pp. 189–206.
Shanker M.C. and Astrachan J.H. (1996), “Myths and realities: Family businesses’ contribution to the US economy-A framework for assessing family business statistics”, Family Business Review, vol. 9(2), 107-119.
Shao Z., Feng Y., Hu Q. and Liu Y. (2009), A Conceptual Model for Studying the Influence of Charismatic Leadership on ERP Implementation Lifecycle, 42nd Hawaii International
Conference on System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii.
Soh C. and Markus M.L. (1995), How IT Creates Business Value: A Process Theory Synthesis, in DeGross J.I., Ariav G., Beath C., Hoyer R. and Kemerer K. (Ed.), Proceedings of
the Sixteenth International Conference on Information Systems, Amsterdam, pp. 29-41.
Somers T.M. and Nelson K. (2001), The impact of critical success factors across the stages of enterprise resource planning implementations. Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii International
Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS-3), January 3–6 Maui, Hawaii.
Stogdill R.M. (1963), Manual for the Leader Behavior Descriptions Questionnaire- Form XII, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.
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